The prostate gland is synthesized
Immunoglobulins, regulate sperm consistency with the help of specific secretions, control the process of urination and ejaculation. The penetration of pathogens into the cavity of this organ provokes prostatitis - an inflammation that occurs in acute or chronic form.
Causes and mechanism of disease development
Prostatitis begins with the penetration and reproduction of pathogenic agents into the body cavity. These are extracellular pathogens or their own microflora from the surface of the skin or mucous membranes:
- Colibacillin;
- Proteus;
- Enterococci;
- Staphylococcus;
- Enterobacter;
- Pneumococcus.
In the presence of STDs or infectious diseases of internal organs, the following can penetrate into the lumen of the prostate gland:
- Pale treponema;
- Ureaplasma;
- Trichomonas;
- Pseudomonas aeruginosa;
- Kochi bacillus.
Pathogenic flora in the prostate is induced by uptake from the urethra. Less often - by blood vessels or by drainage of lymph from an infected organ. A number of provocative factors affect the speed of disease development and the intensity of symptoms:
- Abnormalities in the structure of the bladder neck;
- Strict means of urination;
- Results of postoperative catheterization;
- Decreased immunity in the background of chronic and systemic diseases, hypothermia, physical overload, labor;
- Disruption of blood and lymph flow to the pelvic area;
- Fertile or irregular sex life.
An active blood supply to the prostate cavity and a humid, closed environment promote the smooth multiplication of pathogens. The secretion produced by the gland thickens, disrupting its outflow. Infiltration gradually accumulates in the lumen, inflammation progresses.
The course of acute prostatitis
Primary inflammation usually develops acutely. On average, the patient feels his clinical signs 5-7 days after infection. Its symptoms are obvious, it is impossible not to notice them:
- Acute persistent pain in the perineal region, radiating to the scrotum, penis, anus;
- Diuresis disorders: Frequent, painful urination, false desires, sluggish, intermittent urinary cloud:
- Severe or purulent discharge from the urethra with a sharp unpleasant odor;
- General intoxication: chills, a sharp rise in body temperature, physical weakness, weakness.
Most people with acute prostatitis have impaired sexual function. Arousal either does not exist at all, or does not cause a normal erection and sexual intercourse. Sperm may contain pus or blood.
Symptoms of bacterial prostatitis depend on morphological changes and stages of the disease:
- Catarrhal inflammation, which develops from the beginning, affects the ducts of the body and causes deep dull pain. Fever is usually absent, the state of health is generally satisfactory.
- The inflammatory process affects one or both lobes of the gland - progressing follicular prostatitis. Tissues swell, increasing the number of infiltrates in the lumen. The pain is constantly excruciating, increasing with movement. Difficulty urinating.
- The parenchymal stage occurs when the entire body of the prostate is affected. The functioning of the bladder and rectum is difficult due to the strong compression of the inflamed, swollen walls of the gland. The pain in the perineum becomes unbearable. Purulent and bloody impurities appear in the urine, body temperature rises to 39 ° C and above.
Delaying treatment provokes chronic disease. Possible complications: urethral canal obstruction, fistulas, abscesses, pyelonephritis, sepsis.
Chronic prostatitis
It develops from untreated acute but more often forms as an independent disease. Sluggish inflammation is caused by an insufficient immune response to the penetration of infection, a small number of pathogenic microorganisms or the aseptic nature of the disease. In the latter case, the pathology is caused by stagnation of secretion, disruption of the structure of prostate tissue, the passage of its ducts.
In chronic bacterial prostatitis, the signs of intoxication and severe pain occur only with exacerbation. During the latent period, the disease is manifested by periodic urinary disorders and physical discomfort. The desire to use the toilet is more frequent at night, after being in the cold. Diuresis is sometimes accompanied by a slight burning sensation. Erectile dysfunction is common.
Chronic prostatitis can last for years, sometimes with inflammation. Long-term course leads to the formation of fibrous areas in the parenchyma, leading to the development of impotence, infertility and oncological tumors.
How to diagnose and treat prostatitis
If you suspect the development of inflammation of the prostate, you should contact a urologist. The probable diagnosis is confirmed by bacterial culture of glandular secretion. If it is not possible to get it, examine the smear from the urethra, urine sample, semen. In addition to bacterial sowing, blood and urine tests are performed, and an ultrasound examination of the prostate is performed.
Treatment of acute infectious prostatitis is carried out in clinical conditions in the Department of Urology.
- The main focus is on pathogen suppression, inflammation alleviation and prevention of complications. The patient is prescribed a course of antibiotics. Injections of drugs from the groups of tetracyclines, cephalosporins, fluoroquinolones or penicillins are used, depending on which infection caused the disease. Duration of therapy: from a few days to 2-4 weeks.
- To restore urinary function and relieve acute symptoms, muscle relaxants, anti-inflammatory painkillers and antispasmodics are perfectly prescribed.
- Specific therapy is supplemented with vitamin and mineral preparations, immunomodulators.
In the early stages uncomplicated inflammation is completely cured.
Chronic prostatitis does not require hospitalization. The patient undergoes a course of antibiotic therapy at home, subject to the necessary restrictions.
At the same time it is necessary to undergo a course of treatment for possible provocative diseases: bronchitis, pyelonephritis, cholecystitis, urinary tract infections.
Physiotherapeutic methods are added to the main treatment without exacerbation: ultrasound procedures, magnetotherapy, laser exposure.
Alcohol, hot spices, marinades, pickles, fatty, canned and smoked foods should be excluded during therapy. Fresh herbs, vegetables, nuts, fish, lean meats are recommended in the diet.
The success of the treatment of the chronic form in each case depends on the duration of the disease, the damage to the existing organic tissue, the concomitant disorders of the kidneys and bladder function.